
THE Philippines is predominantly the largest Roman Catholic country in Southeast Asia. With more than 92 million people influenced by Catholicism since the dark ages of the Spanish era, it is inevitable that the country would produce prominent disseminators of truth and justice such as priests, bishops, and even saints enlightened by the word of God.
Back in the 17th century, a young man refused to leave Japan and repudiated the native’s persuasion of renouncing his faith. A believer of the Roman Catholic word, Lorenzo Ruiz was one of the persecuted Christians in Japan and was then declared to be the first Filipino martyr.
Following the Christian way of life might be difficult to some followers of the religion, but as a believer himself who served the Word as a sacristan and a catechist, Pedro Calungsod offered himself for missionary work and converted the natives of Chamorros in Guam to Christianity. His timeless story is meant to tug at our heartstrings and inspire us to shape the world of faith and righteousness.
Saints are exceptional role models of the Christian community recognized for their special holiness and virtue. The Pope recognizes a saint by the long process of canonization, which tests the eligibility of a certain individual to be venerated. It may take years—or even centuries—for all the steps, which also seeks constant recognition by a respectable number of followers, to be completed. Anyone may be a saint given that one must have a reputation for heroic virtue and holiness or the death of a martyr. Initiating the process of canonization may begin only 5 years after the candidate’s death and at least 2 approved posthumous miracles must be witnessed in the name of the candidate for sainthood but only 1 for beatification. Martyrs in the name of God, on the other hand, need only one miracle due to their automatic qualification for beatification.
Pedro Calungsod, a young martyr, required the recognition and validity of at least one miracle. The miracle of Pedro Calungsod back in 2003, according to a formal statement by Msgr. Ildebrando Leyson of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines (CBCP), was the recovery of a woman in comatose who came close to dying due to lack of oxygen in the brain. The woman woke up four hours after her doctor prayed for Calungsod’s intercession. Pope Benedict XVI approved the miracle on December 16, 2011.
On February 18, 2012, Pope Benedict XVI formally announced Calungsod’s canonization date on October 21, 2012. On that day, the Pope performed the canonization rites along with other cardinals.
Pedro’s life, martyrdom, and canonization
Pedro Calungsod was a 14-year-old catechist under the tutelage of Padre Diego Luis de San Vitores, a Spanish Jesuit missionary designated to the Ladrones Islands (presently the Marianas islands) on 1668. True to the Spanish goal of the three Gs or “God, Gold, and Glory,” the missionaries aimed to convert the natives into Christians. The group performed their missionary work in present Guam to the indigenous Chamorro people, who, until now, have Pagan beliefs.
At the height of the successful conversion of the Chamorro people, an envious Chinese named Choco initiated a smear campaign against San Vitores’ party. Supported by the uritaos (young males) and macanjas (medicine men), Choco accused them of using poisonous water in baptizing the Chamorro infants. Coinciding with the mysterious deaths of the newly baptized infants, the missionaries were held responsible and went to another village: Tumon. They later received news about the village chief’s newly born daughter and immediately went to the village chief’s wife to baptize the child. Influenced by the lies of Choco, the village chief, Mata’pang, strongly refused for his child to be baptized. The missionaries understood his predicament and attempted to change his mind by inviting the villagers and Mata’pang to chant the Catholic tenets. Mata’pang remained steadfast with his decision and went so far as to pronounce his anger towards God.
Upon discovering that the wife of Mata’pang was, in fact, a Christian, the missionaries then gained consent for the baptism of the baby girl. Mata’pang, meanwhile, provoked a certain Hirao to get rid of the missionaries despite Hirao’s knowledge of their good work. Mata’pang eventually discovered the missionaries’ secret and shot spears towards them, with Pedro dodging the spears with such agility. Refusing to leave San Vitores, Pedro remained with him and did not put up a fight, as was the order of San Vitores. Pedro received a spear through his chest and a swipe through his head with Hirao’s machete. San Vitores absolved young Pedro with his crucifix before he was brutally killed. Mata’pang took the crucifix of Padre Diego and pounded it with a stone while blaspheming God. Their corpses, with stones strapped to their feet, were thrown at sea and were never seen again. Pedro was 17 when he died on April 2, 1672.
The only evidence of their existence were the written testimonies of their comrades who survived the attack and some Christian Chamorro people who were witnesses to their good works. Initially, only San Vitores was subjected to beatification in 1673 but due to economical and political confusion at that time, the story of the Jesuit priest and his valiant 17-year-old catechist was buried and forgotten for a long time.
Additionally, the image of Pedro Calungsod remained a predicament until Fr. Catalino Arevalo discovered PBA player Ronald “The Saint” Tubid when he was 17. Tubid was chosen to be the image model of Pedro Calungsod, who is now displayed wearing camisa de chino while holding the martyr’s palm, indicating his death, or sometimes a crucifix, a book, or a rosary that signifies his missionary work.
The Jesuits actually developed a good relationship with the Chamorro people upon their arrival. The conversion process of the townsfolk went smoothly until several natives died. The population drop of the Chamorro people was caused by foreign-borne illnesses which became an endemic during that time. Naturally, the Jesuits were held responsible for this endemic. Seeing as the Jesuits were disrupting the way of life in Guam, the Chamorro people began to hate these foreigners.
Pope Benedict XVI’s message to the young children of the world on the 27th World Youth Day last March 15, 2012 had a single theme: a verse from the book of Philippians, “Rejoice in the Lord always”. Pope Benedict XVI aimed to inspire young people to see the Christian message as one of hope and joy especially with the existing hardships in the world today. The now Saint Pedro Calungsod, is an exemplar of undeniable and youthful devotion to God. He is a beacon of light along with Saint Lorenzo Ruiz, our first Filipino saint, who will inspire and guide us toward the path of God and His love.
By Kenn Anthony B. Mendoza, Serine F. Alejandro, and Jamille D. Ong
Photo taken by Matthew David P. Dulay
Sources:
http://www.inquirer.net/
http://www.globalnation.inquirer.net/
http://www.cbcpnews.com/
http://www.specials.sunstar.com.ph/
http://www.newsinfo.inquirer.net/
http://ns.gov.gu/
http://www.pedrocalungsod.org/